From source to tap, the City of Savannah performs tests throughout the system each day to ensure that your drinking water meets all state and federal requirements. While lead is a common, naturally occurring metal found in the environment, it seldom occurs naturally in water supplies. Lead enters drinking water primarily as a result of the corrosion or wearing away of materials containing lead that are in plumbing.
On this page, you'll find answers to frequently asked questions about lead and health, how lead gets into your drinking water, and what you can do to protect yourself and your family from lead exposure. Lead can be found in all parts of the environment. Although it is naturally occurring, most exposure comes from human activities. Young children, infants, and pregnant women are most vulnerable to the effects of lead and precautions should be taken to minimize their lead exposure.
La mayoría de las fuentes de agua potable, como tanques y agua subterránea, no tiene plomo. Si hay plomo en el agua, generalmente se debe al agua que corre por tuberías o plomería de plomo con partes o soldaduras de plomo en los hogares. Las conexiones a la red, que son las tuberías que conectan su casa con la tubería maestra, pueden tener plomo. Dentro de su casa, es posible que tenga tuberías de plomo, tuberías de cobre con soldaduras de plomo, o grifos o accesorios de bronce que tienen plomo. Los niveles de plomo son más altos cuando el agua ha estado en tuberías de plomo durante varias horas. El agua caliente provoca que el plomo ingrese al agua más rápidamente.
En muchos casos, la mayor exposición al plomo proviene de polvillo de pintura, partículas de pintura y suelo contaminado con plomo. El plomo también puede ingresar al organismo al beber o cocinar con agua con plomo. Los niños pequeños absorben plomo con mayor facilidad que los adultos, y una madre puede pasarle plomo al feto. Por estos motivos, el plomo en el agua potable puede ser una fuente importante de exposición para mujeres embarazadas, niños pequeños y bebés alimentados con fórmula en polvo.
El plomo no se absorbe a través de la piel. Bañarse o ducharse con agua que contiene plomo debería ser seguro.
La mayoría de los niños entran en contacto con el plomo al estar expuestos a la pintura en casas viejas. Cuando la pintura vieja que contiene plomo se descascara y se parte, produce polvillo y partículas de plomo. Una renovación del hogar también puede crear cantidades significativas de polvillo de plomo y se debe realizar con precaución. El polvillo de plomo puede ser inhalado o ingresar por las manos y los juguetes. La ingesta de plomo a menudo ocurre cuando los niños se llevan las manos y los juguetes a la boca.
Dado que todos estamos expuestos a pequeñas cantidades de plomo en nuestra vida diaria, no es raro que haya un nivel bajo de plomo presente en el cuerpo de alguien.
El plomo puede afectarle los órganos, y puede dañar el cerebro, los riñones y el sistema nervioso. Los cerebros en desarrollo de bebés y niños pequeños corren el mayor riesgo. Una exposición al plomo que pudiera tener poco efecto en un adulto puede tener un gran efecto en un bebé o en un niño. Si bien no hay un nivel seguro de exposición al plomo, es importante reducir las exposiciones al plomo lo máximo posible, en especial en el caso de bebés, niños pequeños y mujeres embarazadas.
La intoxicación con plomo es producida por demasiado plomo en el organismo. La mayoría de los niños que tienen intoxicación con plomo no se ven ni parecen enfermos. Un análisis para detectar plomo es la única manera de saber si su hijo tiene intoxicación con plomo.
Lead can pass from a mother to her developing fetus. The most important risk factors for lead exposure in pregnant women are workplace exposures, recent immigration, a craving to eat or mouth nonfood substances that might be contaminated like soil or jewelry, a woman’s nutritional status, her use of traditional home remedies or imported cosmetics, and the use of lead-glazed pottery for cooking or storing food. Dust from old lead-based paint can also be an important source of exposure for pregnant women during the renovation of older homes.
Consulte con su médico los riesgos de la exposición al plomo y si debería realizarse el análisis para la detección de plomo.
Always use cold water for drinking and cooking. Do not use hot water for cooking or baby formula. Hot water usually has higher lead levels than cold water.
Running the water before using will usually reduce lead levels by flushing out the water that has been sitting in lead pipes for several hours. However, the amount of flushing needed depends on whether or not you have a lead service line. Contact your local water provider to find out if your service line contains lead.
Boiling water does not eliminate lead. If there is lead in your water, boiling it will increase lead levels.
You should also periodically unscrew the aerator from the end of the faucet and clean out debris. Sometimes small pieces of lead can collect here.
If you have lead in your service line or in pipes inside your home or if you aren’t sure if you do, consider testing your water. This is the best way to find out if you have lead in your water. Testing typically costs between $20 and $40 and should be done by a certified laboratory. Water samples may be mailed or dropped off. Be sure to follow the lab’s sample collection instructions exactly.
The EPA action level for lead in drinking water – or the level regulators look for water to not exceed – is 15 ppb (also reported as “15 µg/L”, “0.015 ppm”, or “0.015 mg/L”); the goal, however, is to have the lowest possible level of lead in your drinking water, particularly where young children or pregnant women may be exposed.
Infants, children, and pregnant women are especially vulnerable to the effects of lead exposure. If you are a pregnant woman or have young children drinking water with lead levels exceeding EPA's action level of 15 ppb, the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends you use bottled water or water from a filtration system that has been certified by an independent testing organization to reduce or eliminate lead for cooking, drinking, and baby formula preparation. For more information about CDC's recommendation, visit: www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/about/index.html.
If you have, or suspect you may have, a lead service line to your home, you should have your tap water tested for lead and use bottled water or water from an appropriate filter that removes lead for pregnant women, infants, and children.
Not all filters will reduce lead and filters can be expensive, requiring regular maintenance to remain effective. A useful source of information on filtering drinking water to remove lead and on specific water filter products is NSF International www.nsf.org.
Most children are poisoned from the lead paint and dust in their homes. Hire a lead inspector to test your home to find out if there are lead hazards.
If you are a tenant, contact your local health department or the DPH Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (1-800-532-9571) to have your dwelling inspected.
A blood test is the only way to tell if your child has lead poisoning. Talk to your doctor about your children’s lead test results and discuss the risks of lead exposure. If your child is not up to date on their testing, or you have specific concerns about your child’s health or exposure to lead, ask your doctor to test your child for lead. A blood test taken from the child’s vein is more accurate than a sample taken from the child’s finger.
If you own your home, it is advised that you consider replacing any leaded water pipes, service lines, or fixtures, especially if there are children or women of childbearing age present. Contact your local water department about service line replacement and financial incentive and assistance programs that might be available.
Si usted va a reemplazar las tuberías de agua o los accesorios dentro de la vivienda, asegúrese de verificar las etiquetas y utilice solo materiales libres de plomo o bajos en plomo.
¿Más preguntas? Visite la Página de Savannah sin plomo para obtener información útil!